JCI table of contents: January 4, 2006
... for enzyme inhibitors to be added to the blood to suppress enzymatic breakdown. The report from Tempst et al. now suggests that this suppression may in fact be preventing the generation of biomarkers that hold great promise in the detection of disease - in this case prostate, bladder or breast cancer. TITLE...Little known DNA repair enzyme may be a tumor suppressor gene
...ncer. Therefore, we believe its function may be to suppress the development of tumors." Although DNA polymerases--enzymes responsible for copying, editing and repairing genes and surrounding DNA--generally have the ability to make completely accurate copies of strands of DNA, in certain situations damaged are...Sickle cell disease corrected in human models using stem cell-based gene therapy
...bedded small interfering RNA precursor designed to suppress abnormal hemoglobin formation. Tested in adult st...had two functions -- produce normal hemoglobin and suppress the generation of sickle shaped hemoglobin S. The therapeutic gene was engineered into a lentiviral ...New study expands understanding of the role of RNA editing in gene control
...to specific RNA editing, the result of which is to suppress miRNA expression and its activity. The importance of understanding these joined processes can be seen in the fact that roles have been identified for miRNAs in embryonic development, cell and tissue differentiation, and, increasingly, in cancer form...New view of cancer: 'Epigenetic' changes come before mutations
...the turning off or quieting of genes that normally suppress cancer and the turning on of oncogenes to produce proteins that set off malignant behavior. Epigenetic changes are found in normal cells of patients with cancer and are associated with cancer risk, Feinberg notes. As one example, in a study publishe...Food additive inhibits longevity enzyme in yeast, increases cell toxicity, new study finds
...n human health." The trick, researchers say, is to suppress tumor growth without triggering an acceleration of the aging process. The study suggests that properly functioning sirtuin enzymes - and the agents that inhibit or activate them - play a key role in that balance.......ry high doses, cell death occurs." Alcohol can suppress synthesis of an ossifiable matrix, which interferes with fracture healing. "In order to heal properly, bone cells must first form a 'matrix' that later hardens or ossifies," said Donohue. "This is first formed as a soft tissue, containing biomolec...Herceptin plus chemotherapy improves disease-free survival in early breast cancer
...r patients lose their hair, it grows back. When we suppress their bone marrow, that comes back, too. Heart failure, however, is a much larger problem, especially if it does not improve over time." The good news, Slamon said, is that Herceptin given with the chemotherapy combination that eliminates Adriamycin...Other highlights in the December 7 JNCI
.... Both chronic stress and exposure to UV radiation suppress the immune system, but the mechanism by which suppression occurs is not fully understood. A group of scientists at Ohio State University in Columbus, led by Firdaus S. Dhabhar, Ph.D., wanted to find out if and how UV radiation and chronic stress act...'Survival' genes hold key to healthy brains in babies and the elderly
...n unborn baby if it is exposed to substances which suppress its brain activity, like alcohol, and certain drugs like Ketamine and PCP (Angel Dust). The brain cells of young, developing brains are particularly reliant on signals from these 'survival' genes, but these signals are suppressed if their mothers are...New cell transplantation technique restores insulin production in diabetics
...dle placement. "We used a steroid-free protocol to suppress the immune system, so that the body accepted the transplanted cells," Dr. Krishnamoorthy said. "We also developed a 'sandwich technique' to close the access site through the skin, where the islet cells are injected. The sandwich technique is so-calle...MicroRNAs have shaped the evolution of the majority of mammalian genes
...an bind to a short sequence on a targeted mRNA and suppress protein production. In a paper published last Jan...e mature muscle cells, microRNAs are activated and suppress genes that are no longer needed at such high levels in the mature muscle. "Many of these evolutiona...Researchers discover new form of cancer gene regulation
...on in mice that causes rapid tremor, is thought to suppress tumor formation and protect humans from cancer. Now, a team of researchers from Northwestern University and the University of Wisconsin has shown that the Quaking gene likely suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting production of a protein associated ...How protein-rich diets curb hunger
...-enriched diet." As in rats, diets high in protein suppress appetite in people, the researchers added. The human intestine also synthesizes glucose. "Therefore, glucose metabolism in the small intestine may be a new target in the treatment of food intake disorders," they said....Worm parasite may hold clues in bid for illness and allergy cures
...ick from parasites, and employ the molecules which suppress the immune system to treat these auto-immune disorders. The project therefore offers potential for new treatments of diseases in both the developed world and the disadvantaged countries of the tropics."...Brainstem blocks pain to protect key behaviors
...rtebrates contain clusters of nerve cells that can suppress pain long enough to allow the animal to eat, drink...active during slow-wave sleep. "OFF" cells, which suppress pain, are active during slow-wave sleep. Foo and Mason, who completed her post-doctoral training in...New ECCO studies highlight promising potential of cancer immunotherapy
... of Treg cells cells induced by the tumour which suppress the CD8+ responses evoked by DEX. By abrogating the suppressive effect of Treg, CTX maximises the curative effects of DEX vaccination. The success of this combination approach suggests that future therapeutic vaccines aimed at boosting tumour-primed ...The reason why antiviral therapy can't annihilate HIV infection, and what to do about it
Antiviral therapy has been used to suppress HIV replication and has dramatically improved the clinical course of disease in affected patients. But the existence of viral reservoirs precludes the complete elimination of HIV from treated patients. In a new study appearing on November 1 in The J...JCI table of contents November, 2005
...to do about it Antiviral therapy has been used to suppress HIV replication and has dramatically improved the ...increased energy expenditure. The same doses that suppress food intake when given centrally have no impact when given peripherally, indicating that the central...Zebrafish and CHIP help untangle protein misfolding in brain disease
..., Paulson and his colleagues found that CHIP could suppress the disease. The study, published in the Oct. 5 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, demonstrated that CHIP decreased aggregation of the mutant protein and cell death in mouse neurons and in zebrafish. The UI team also found that in mice with only o...