Modified mushrooms may yield human drugs
...lls, Dr. Romaine explained. "What we are doing is taking a gene, as for example a drug gene, that is not part of the mushroom, and camouflaging it with regulatory elements from a mushroom gene. We then patch these genetic elements in the plasmid and insert it back into the bacterium," he added. The researc...New amfAR research grants to optimize HIV treatment
...n survive and persist in semen when the patient is taking antiretroviral therapy is unclear. Dr. Xhilaga, the recipient of several previous graduate and postdoctoral awards, including the prestigious Fellows Award for Excellence in Research, will conduct systematic studies in several regions of the male gen...Ancient retrovirus sheds light on modern pandemic
.... They reassembled about one-fifth of the virus by taking dozens of PtERV1 sequences and aligning them to create an "ancestral" sequence, teasing out areas of commonality between them. They then used this information to make a partial viral genome. During reconstruction the viral segment was debilitated, en...Scientists close in on missing carbon sink
... results indicate that intact tropical forests are taking up a large amount of carbon," Stephens explains. "They are helping to offset industrial carbon emissions and the atmospheric impacts of clearing land more than we realized." Capturing vertical movements Most of the computer models produced inco...Northern forests less effective than tropical forests in reducing global warming
...that terrestrial ecosystems, especially trees, are taking up the remainder. Computer models that combine w...ve ground level indicate that northern forests are taking up about 2.4 billion tons. However, ground-based studies have tracked only about half that amount, l...Antarctic icebergs -- Hotspots of ocean life
...dividual icebergs and their immediate environment, taking a wide array of measurements physical, biological and chemical, and using satellite images provided by NASA. At the same time, the wealth of data brought new challenges in how to manage this avalanche of information. The whole is definitely great...Dietary calcium is better than supplements at protecting bone health
...'t have this limitation. If the study participants taking calcium carbonate weren't conscientious about the timing of their supplements, they might not have received the highest benefit from them. "Only about 35 percent of the calcium in most supplements ends up being absorbed by the body," Armamento-Vill...Promising protein may prevent eye damage in premature babies
...e of the bodys supporting players has quietly been taking a lead role in healthy eyesight, a discovery that could rapidly lead to treatments for babies born before their eyes are finished growing, University of Florida and Harvard Medical School researchers have found. The finding, described in separate,...Recycling is not enough -- we need to consume less
... it focuses on the target audiences point of view, taking account of any emotional or physical barriers that may prevent people from changing their behaviour. 'Guilt messages are ineffective. A focus on the benefits of a greener lifestyle has been shown to be a better way to encourage people to reduce their...Mucosal-surface immune function discoveries could boost vaccine research
...accines that target these areas," he explains. "By taking advantages of these mechanisms, we should move that much closer to interventions that shield millions against potentially lethal infections."...Study investigates 'divorce' among Galapagos seabirds
...ls around again, a male looks a little ragged from taking care of junior, his mate is likely to choose another. A males capacity to raise offspring, a quality that can vary with time, may carry more weight with a mate than stellar genes or past breeding success, Maness said. She used 14 years of data on ...'Wurst' ensures that the respiratory system works
...ances from their environment. Thus, by selectively taking in salts, the cells are able to draw water from their environment by diffusion. This appears to be the way in which the tracheae are drained. However, if the "Wurst" protein is defective, the whole process will fail: liquid collects in the air passag...Boosting key milk nutrients may protect against cancer
...lcium and vitamin D and 47 percent lower for those taking calcium alone, compared to the placebo. Fifty w... with a 77 percent lower risk for cancer for those taking calcium plus vitamin D compared to the placebo. With an estimated 10.5 million Americans living w...Hormone that signals fullness also curbs fast food consumption and tendency to binge eat
...hich decreased their intake by 109 calories. Those taking pramlintide also reduced their scores on a questionnaire designed to measure binge eating tendencies: On day 42, 83% of participants on pramlintide were categorized as having mild-to-none binge eating severity, compared to 58% in the placebo group. ...Studies to find better ways to preserve human eggs, ovarian tissue under way
...ells from the hazards of freezing are added before taking tissue from the refrigerator temperature of 4 degr...study, the next step will have Drs. Song and Emmi taking ovarian tissue from cancer patients, vitrifying it then, after they are sure its cancer-free, re-imp...2007 Image of the Year: Molecular imaging relates human brain chemistry to aggressive behavior
...in, the more they answered yes to statements about taking advantage of others and causing them discomfort, she noted. Although the personality questionnaire gave a complete profile of the mens personalities, only aggressive personality was related to brain MAO A activitynot other personality dimensions, she...Talcum powder stunts growth of lung tumors
...lc has added benefits besides causing scarring and taking away the fluid that surrounds the lung, Antony said. The cells that cover the lining of the lung are stimulated by the presence of talc to produce a factor that inhibits the growth of blood vessels and kills the tumor cells themselves. Less than on...A new plant-bacterial symbiotic mechanism promising for crop applications
...Tropicales et Mditerranennes and its partners (1), taking as model a symbiosis between a tropical aquatic legume, Aeschynomene, and Bradyrhizobium, bacteria of the Rhizobia family, have just revealed a new mode of communication at molecular level between these two organisms. The bacteria of this original mo...The insect vector always bites twice
...teran insect. This becomes infected when it feeds, taking blood from an infected vertebrate host. The pathogenic agent finds conditions to reproduce and proliferate in the vectors body. In most cases, the parasite moves back into the vectors salivary glands in order to be transmitted to the human host when ...Nexavar significantly extends overall survival by 44 percent in liver cancer patients
...cinoma (HCC), or primary liver cancer versus those taking placebo by 44% (HR=0.69; p-value=0.0006). Results...r-treated patients compared to 7.9 months in those taking placebo. Because there are no therapies that significantly improve survival for the thousands of p...