Tiny Tampa Bay fish key to evolution of immune system
...ture Immunology. "At a basic level, this sea worm tells us about the evolution of the immune response; specifically, it tells us that primitive organisms have more sophisticated immune systems than we previously thought," said...With record resolution and sensitivity, tool images how life organizes in a cell membrane
.... ''You'd want to have a way that's specific, that tells you which component is which. I'll put on my chemist hat now. When a chemist says, 'I know what's there,' he or she means, 'I know chemically what's there.' I know that this is cholesterol or this is sphingomyelin or this is some other molecule. You ...Heavy drinking can hasten the progression of the simian immunodeficiency virus disease
...rrent drinking very early on in the disease. This tells us that we need to get HIV+ alcohol users into treatment much earlier in order to reduce their alcohol use." For 12 weeks, study authors administered alcohol to 16 male rhesus macaques for five hours on four consecutive days per week via an indwelli...Georgetown leads effort to study safety of 'alternative' tobacco products
...uly reduce exposure to carcinogens, and experience tells us this information will not be either forthcoming from the companies that manufacture them, or that we need independent verification of claims," said the grant's lead scientist, Peter Shields, M.D., a Georgetown professor of Medicine and Oncology an...Fast-freeze snapshot yields new picture of nerve-muscle junction
... in places scientists have never before seen. "It tells us that specific proteins are required to transition vesicles in close apposition to pre-synaptic membranes," said Richmond. "That prediction had been made, but hasn't before been demonstrated." Richmond said the conventional gluteraldhyde fixation ...Disabling a carbohydrate trigger reduces obesity and appetite
...se mice that do not produce leptin, a hormone that tells us to stop eating when we are full, Uyeda said. "Since these mice don't make leptin, they eat large amounts of food, become obese and develop symptoms of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes," he said. The third group was a combination of the firs...Molecular motor helps cells tell which way is up
...ep will be to find out what turns the motor on and tells it to startdown the track to deliver the cargo. "In the kinesin field, there are two fundamental questions: what arethe cargoes, and what turns the motors on and off that carry them." ......the cells remain inside the brain, because nothing tells them to migrate to the right place." In the embryo the paths for cell movements are signposted by cues that by attracting or repelling different types of cells guide them into the right direction. Thanks to Rx3 eye cells prefer the cues guiding the...Ancient Arctic water cycles are red flags to future global warming
...arbon dioxide concentrations," Huber said. What it tells you is that it's not too difficult to push the climate system to a warm state. If you work out the numbers, it's almost identical to what we are expected to do over the next few hundred years....Study reveals how cells destroy faulty proteins in cystic fibrosis
...ation signal known as ubiquitin. The ubiquitin tag tells the cell to destroy the marked CFTR, a process overseen by a destroyer called the proteasome. This trash system is known as the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. "We've identified the trash collectors that recognize misfolded proteins, decide if they ...AAAS book explores evolution and Christianity's response
... by Catherine Baker and edited by James B. Miller, tells why evolution is not a hypothetical idea but rather is the essential framework for modern biology. It discusses new observations that have led to revisions in the theory since the time of Charles Darwin, including new views on why the giraffe's neck ...... mechanisms and processes that evolution uses, and tells us more about how Mother Nature engineers life." The ability to reconstruct an ancient gene from descendant genes also raises the possibility of a new type of gene therapy, in which a portion of a related gene could be inserted into a disease-caus...NASA assists search for woodpecker thought to be extinct
... that provide detailed horizontal information that tells us little about whether a green patch of forest is short or tall, for example. When identifying habitats, the vertical structure of the vegetation is of paramount importance to many species, including a bird like the ivory-bill." The reported sight...UF scientists discover evolutionary origin of fins, limbs
...ee these same mechanisms operating in lamprey fins tells us they must have been assembled in the median fin...on to build the first paired fins," Cohn said. "It tells us our own arms and legs have their evolutionary roots in the dorsal, caudal and anal fins of our fi...Sound investment: A new mathematical method provides a better way to analyze noise
...quency. "There is a theorem," Magnasco says, "that tells us that we can know what the sound was by knowing when there was no sound." In other words, their pictures were being determined not by where there was volume, but where there was silence. "If you want to show that your analysis is a valid signal ...New paradigm will help identify leads for drug discovery
... leader at the NIH Chemical Genomics Center. "This tells us that quantitative high-throughput screening is much more sensitive in uncovering chemicals with the potential to be used as biological probes or leads for drug development." The researchers emphasized that miniaturization is essential to the eff...Hopkins researchers develop new tool to watch real-time chemical activity in cells
...d is a biosensor and simple testing procedure that tells if a particular enzyme - called PKA - that acts like a "switch" is "on" or "off" in a living cell. The group has been focused on trying to understand and interfere with this enzyme switch, because if the enzyme is turned on at the wrong time or at ...Mutations point the way to new leukemia drugs
...gnal has arrived. Mutated MPL, however, constantly tells JAK2 to trigger growth--whether or not the appropr...t mutation. It doesn't explain all of them, but it tells us more about this whole family of disorders." Gilliland said there probably are other mutations in ...Yale dean addresses biggest environmental threats in new book
... dead zones in the world's oceans. The book also tells how in recent decades nations, non-governmental organizations, scientists and multinational corporations have created an unprecedented set of laws and institutions intended to help solve large-scale environmental problems. Global Environmental Govern...Medium is the message for stem cells in search of identities
...ems the niche doesn't just support these cells, it tells them what to become. It educates stem cells for a bright future."...