Diatom genome reveals key role in biosphere's carbon cycle
...iods with little sunlight--even to overwinter--and then start growing really rapidly once they return to sunlight," she says. Three or four microns in width--as many as 70 could fit in the width of a human hair--Thalassiosira pseudonana is among the smallest diatoms. Like its brethren, it is encased by ...NIH awards new $14.5 million, five-year grant to the Scripps Research Institute
...ust a large array of the molecules in solution, is then placed in front of a beam of x-rays, which diffrac...t will be selected. Large quantities of these will then be produced, says Finn. In the end, scaling up is one of the primary goals -- in other words, deve...Don't stand so close to me: A new view on how species coexist
...e thing really well, another thing fairly well and then aren't very good at anything else. So it is with a...y of parasitoid wasps within a computer model, and then watched what happened over very long periods of time - up to 100,000 generations. Parasitoid wasps, ...Commandeering cellular machinery: recognition mechanism to detect small molecules
... different variations in the hope of creating and then finding a few re-engineered receptors that would ...ther compound contained in the yeast, samples were then smeared onto another petri plate that did not contain LG335. Any colonies that grew there were disc...College students recognized & rewarded for their innovative work
...tunnels using molding and lithographic techniques, then places it on top of a portable Braille display which features small metal pins that rise and fall to create Braille letters. Gu discovered that the small amount of pressure exerted by the pins can clamp internal tunnels shut. By creating a computer......0 years ago and certainly by 50,000 years ago, and then replaced other now-extinct species of early humans...ca in the second wave 150,000 to 50,000 years ago, then reproduced to cause a sudden population expansion. The new study used the mutation ...Endangered frogs coexist with fungus once thought fatal
...he possibility that the fungus caused the decline, then vanished from the area, allowing frog populations ... to the chytrid fungus, the researchers point out, then a conservation program of captive breeding and selecting for resistance could potentially thwart the...Columbia University scientist wins 2004 Nobel Prize
...e protein, CD4, the cellular receptor for HIV. He then began to apply the techniques of molecular biology to problems in neurobiology. He identified the peptide genes responsible for eliciting an innate behavior in a marine snail, and molecular analysis of these genes suggests how diverse behavioral pat...Fungus knocks a frog down but not out, raising questions about amphibian declines
... with the fungus during that time, or clear it and then live as normal healthy frogs. Understanding that would give us some insight into how the fungus operates in the wild." The researchers found a steady rate of infection from year to year, but a higher rate of infection in samples taken during...HHMI researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck win 2004 Nobel Prize
... odorant molecules. In 1991 Axel and Buck--who was then a postdoctoral fellow in Axel's lab--discovered a family of genes that encode the odorant receptors of the olfactory epithelium, a patch of cells on the wall of the nasal cavity. The olfactory epithelium contains some 5 million olfactory neurons that...How roots control plant shoots
...study, the biologists discovered the BPS1 gene and then demonstrated that it is required to prevent a plan...se mutants produced two fairly normal flat leaves, then started making a third leaf that was small and abnormally shaped. Van Norman noticed that happened j...Stanford cooling tool may improve performance of athletes, soldiers
...hamber with an airtight seal around the wrist, and then we draw a bit of the air out of the chamber," he e... the heart to these vascular structures, and veins then carry the blood from these structures back to the heart." Grahn and Heller, animal physiologist...Plants provide model for new shape-changing materials
...rials. The protein structures under analysis would then be used to develop a synthetic material that incorporates properties that produce controllable shapes. Ultimately, successful development of the nastic structure concept will provide a new class of materials based on the direct conversion of biochemi...Research out this week helps us understand basics of how neurons communicate
... release a chemical called a neurotransmitter that then carries a signal to other nerve cells. Calcium cannot freely enter cells, and must wait for an opening of a molecular gate, which is called a calcium channel. "In this study we removed a specific part of the calcium channel molecule called the 'synap...Brain circuit may permit scientists to eavesdrop on memory formation
...experiments, he created the lesions in animals and then tested their ability to learn to navigate a tank f...ited three weeks for the memory to consolidate and then made the lesion. When tested a week later, a majority of the animals remembered the platform locatio...Biologists ID molecular block for social 'cheaters'
...ebae run out of the bacteria they eat, they group, then form a fruiting body in which about one-fifth of the single-celled individuals within the colony sacrifice themselves to form the stalk that holds up the spores. Before forming a stalk, the colony goes through a stage where it forms a slug-like struc...Muscle-building hand-grips aid systolic blood pressure, carotid AD, endothelial function
...s stopping blood flow to the forearm for 5 minutes then measuring the artery's internal diameter with ultrasound after blood flow is reintroduced. After training, systolic blood pressure decreased significantly, while FMD increased (both relative and normalized to average shear rate). Average resting diam...After flu exposure, mild exercise protects mature mice from dying
...0 weeks old were infected with influenza virus and then randomly assigned to exercise (EX) or home cage control (HCC). The EX mice were exercised for 20 to 30 minutes for four days and multiple subjective and standard measurements were recorded. "The animals did very moderate exercise while they were moun...New Military Biomaterials R&D Center to hold first meeting
...n to duty. The sprayable dressing technology will then be expanded to provide pain relief, mitigate bleeding and reduce infection. Biocure, Inc. of Norcross, Ga., is developing this technology. The CeBMR is unique among organizations active in the field because of its network of academic, military and ...... cancer screening. The "PSA bounce" is a rise and then decline in the PSA level following radiation treatment for prostate cancer. The bounce phenomenon occurs in a third to half of men treated with radiation for prostate cancer. Urologists, radiation and medical oncologists have struggled with what ...