Laboratory test of evolutionary theory confirms importance of links between populations
...urn, evolves to attack the resistant bacteria, and then the bacteria are able to evolve a second level of ...robes growing in different local environments, and then I looked at what happens over time when the fragments are isolated and when there is gene flow betwe...Time-lapse movies show brain cells move like a two-stroke engine
...rom an embryo into an infant or young animal. They then travel outward to form the brain's outer layer, or...lls made. First the centrosome slided forward, and then three minutes later the nucleus followed. "The timing of the advance of the centrosome and then of t...Muscling in on a deadly cancer
...e of the genetic events that cause the disease and then engineering mice that develop the tumors. The gene...hen two chromosomes each break into two pieces and then fuse or recombine. The fusion gene includes a piece of Pax3 which plays a role in forming the muscl...NHGRI seeks next generation of sequencing technologies
...beads, packing millions of them into a chamber and then extending each of those molecules while detecting ...lecule attached to a nucleotide to be detected and then removed with a flash of light after its addition to a growing DNA molecule. The researchers will als...How to use math and a CT scanner to see how trees intercept light
...ds of plant characterization. This information can then be used to estimate the amount of light intercepted by the plant. "Our system and our models will allow us to predict which branching patterns are more efficient at capturing light," said Dutilleul. "This is of obvious importance when choosing which ...The CF Foundation urges all states to include newborn screening for cystic fibrosis in test panels
...agnostic tools. If the initial screen is positive, then further tests are done to rule out or confirm a CF diagnosis. Only a fraction of newborns with a positive initial screen ultimately will be diagnosed with CF. Currently, seven states conduct CF newborn screening in all newborns; three states screen f...Researchers find protein that makes long-term memory possible
... heart attack patients. Dr. Lu and his colleagues then sought to determine how tPA and BDNF might interac...ceptors, on nearby neurons. The recipient neurons then generate their own electrical impulses and release their own neurotransmitters, triggering the proce...Using fruitflies to examine alcohol tolerance
...or acute functional tolerance in flies, they would then have a complete set of behavioral assays in parallel to those who work with rodents," said Crabbe. "Then, given the spectacular power of fly genetics, they could analyze the genetic contributions to these three types of tolerance with a thoroughness...Identifying genes that contribute to a low level of response to alcohol
...ine, and with appropriate keywords (n= 135). They then synthesized the studies' results, searching for po... homing in on just one narrow purpose, which might then preoccupy us for a long time while we miss the opportunity that's out there. Alcoholism is a comple...Purdue chemists give an old laboratory 'bloodhound' a sharper nose
...oks' laboratory. "You have to dissolve the sample, then dilute the solution, then add additional compounds before you can stick it in the spectrometer. It's a generally effective pro...Pushing the envelope to overcome HIV drug resistance
...strates as they are bound in the active site. They then go on to define an "inhibitor envelope" that shows how numerous protease inhibitors fit only partially within the substrate envelope. Where the inhibitors protrude beyond the confines of the substrate envelope, there is the potential for unique molec...S1P1 essential for tumor growth and is blocked by RNA interference
... areas around the implanted tumor. The researchers then developed an RNA interference technique, a method that specifically blocks S1P1 expression. They showed that using RNA interference they successfully blocked S1P1 expression in cell culture and that when they injec-tion of the S1P1-specific interfer......ster Medical Center, knocked out the gene in mice, then watched what happened. They found that many of... normal counterparts: They're born far smaller and then make up some of the difference as they grow, but generally they are about 20 to 30 percent smaller b...Normal cells in tumors may aid cancer growth
...rom 19 different chromosomes. When the researchers then looked for the markers in the cancer cells, they found that 19 regions of DNA were lost from 15 different chromosomes. This indicates that more DNA regions may be lost in a tumor's stromal cells than in its cancer cells. Furthermore, the lo...Research gaining momentum by silencing genes
...ns off the coding gene. The removal of the protein then induces alterations in the plant during its development, and from these alterations researchers can deduce the function of the protein in question. Collection available to everyone Pierre Hilson and his colleagues have made the use of RNAi for the ...Delay in cutting the cord helps premature babies
...al cord in two places after the baby is delivered, then cut the cord between the two clamps. "I'm comfortable with the 30-second delay, but there are so many things that can happen with a preterm infant that doctors have to use their judgment in each case," says neonatologist Tonse N. K. Raju, M.D., D.C.H...UCLA scientists discover new way to fix defective gene
...s the first to locate the ATM on chromosome 11 and then worked to successfully clone it....An old adage about apples finds scientific backing
...and cocoa (chocolate). The scientists then exposed cancer cells to each class of polyphenols, followed by tests to determine their effects on certain biochemical markers and tumor growth. The first class of monomer polyphenols, which included the flavonoids, failed ...Biomedical engineers at case develop first sliver-sized sensor to monitor glucose levels
...ange from orange (low glucose levels) to green and then to dark blue as levels increase. A deep, darker blue signifies the highest glucose level that can occur in diabetics. Gratzl and co-principal investigator Koji Tohda, a biomedical engineering researcher at Case, believe the implications for improving...UT Southwestern researchers uncover process for sugar-induced fat formation
...n patients with diabetes. The researchers then fed the mutant mice a high-carbohydrate diet. Unab...le to turn on fat-formation genes. The researchers then used biochemical assays to show that ChREBP binds directly to the DNA of fat formation genes, turnin...