Detailed 3-D image catches a key regulator of neural stem cell differentiation in action
...osphatases (SCPs) that are expressed in almost all tissues of the body. When active, Scp1 prevents the enzyme...II from reading and switching on neuronal genes in tissues where they shouldn't be expressed, such as skin, muscle and liver. In the nervous system Scp1 is swi...A new approach to growing heart muscle
...ts that contraction forces increased when the BEHM tissues were bathed in a solution that included additional calcium and a drug that acts on beta-adrenergic receptors. Both are important to the signaling required to produce cohesive action by cells in tissue. The U-M team also assessed the BEHM's structur...Blame our evolutionary risk of cancer on body mass
... her lab in chilled containers. She analyzed their tissues to determine if the telomerase was fully active in them, as it was in mice, or suppressed, as it is in humans. Rodents are close to each other on the evolutionary tree and so if there were a pattern to the telomerase expression, she should be able to...Research yields new insights into the cause of diabetes
...mice that are PERK-deficient in specific organs or tissues was vital to our research," says Cavener. "These ...rmone is exported from the cell to stimulate other tissues to take up glucose and generate energy. PERK-deficient mice differ significantly from normal mice. ...Scientists uncover speedometer for crystal growth controlled by biomolecule properties
...quantities of biomolecules frequently found in the tissues of organisms where biominerals develop can cause calcite crystals to grow faster. More importantly, they determined that the speed of growth can be tuned by varying the charge and water-structuring ability of the biomolecules. By finding a relationsh...Vanishing beetle horns have surprise function
...precise destruction of targeted cells while nearby tissues are left intact and undamaged. With the larval horn tissue destroyed, the scientists observed most larvae were unable to break the husks of their larval head capsules, resulting in young adult hatchlings whose heads were tightly (and lethally) encase...HIV-1 kills immune cells in the gut that may never bounce back
...r (ADARC) show that the immune cells in other body tissues may never rebound, suggesting the need for additional ways to monitor immune system health, and the need for hypervigilance as HIV-positive patients live into their forties, fifties, sixties and beyond. The findings are reported in today's issue of P...Molecular 'marker' on stem cells aids research, perhaps therapies
... actually be useful where we see less of it, as in tissues with very few stem cells. This marker could help us separate out those rare cells more easily. She and her team also are investigating the SSEA-4 molecules relationship to cancer stem cells, those cells in a tumor that behave like stem cells in that...JCI table of contents: December 1, 2006
...s. This is because individual cells in the adipose tissues (adipocyte) increase in size and because an increa...the lung are known as bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT). Now, in a study appearing in the December issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Tr...New finding points way to foiling anthrax's tricks
...ules called siderophores that snatch iron from the tissues of their host so that the bacteria can reproduce. Some strains of E. coli produce more than one kind of siderophore, apparently attacking on several fronts to get the iron they need. The discovery of a similar strategy in anthrax, Bacillus anthraci...Newly discovered immune defense may be impaired in CF airways
...tal in CF patients. Working with airway cells and tissues from rats, cows and humans, the UI team uncovered the oxidative system, which produces hypothiocyanite -- a highly effective antibacterial compound. Banfi and his colleagues, including Patryk Moskwa, M.D., Ph.D., a UI postdoctoral fellow and first au...Living view in animals shows how cells decide to make proteins
...s body can produce different proteins in different tissues and organs. These varied proteins, in turn, dictat...ly have examined alternative splicing in cells and tissues in test tubes, but this study marks its first successful visualization in a living mammal, said seni...... diseases of the skeletal system. Studies of human tissues proved that the protein activity identified in cells in the laboratory and in studies with mice occurred in humans as well....Yale Cell Biologist Joel Rosenbaum, to receive Prestigious Wilson Award
...ndromes, all of which trace back in many different tissues to defects in receptors or channels on the ciliary membrane, or to the complete lack of the cilium due to a defect in the IFT process. Rosenbaums laboratory is now working on the connection between cilia and the cell cycle. These primary non-motile...On the cutting edge: Carbon nanotube cutlery
...t use the nanoknife to make 3D images of cells and tissues for electron tomography, which requires samples less than 300 nanometers thick. By manipulating carbon nanotubes inside scanning electron microscopes, 21st-century nanosmiths have begun crafting a suite of research tools, including nanotweezers, nan...Getting to the heart of the heart
...earchers a step closer to being able to regenerate tissues to repair congenital heart defects in children and damage caused by heart attacks in adults. The two laboratories are now trying to determine the relationship between the two types of progenitor cells discovered. Both papers will appear in the Dec...Dragonfly's metabolic disease provides clues about human obesity
... ultimately found many key differences between the tissues and performance of healthy dragonflies and parasite-infected dragonflies that match symptoms of metabolic syndrome in humans. One symptom involves the signaling molecule, p38 MAP kinase, a common indicator of stress response in humans and other anim...Starting over: Wnt reactivates dormant limb regeneration program
... the ability of stem cells to build new human body tissues and parts. For example, he said Wnt signaling may ...rentiate once more, producing all of the different tissues needed to build a limb. "This is the reverse of how we currently are thinking of using stem cells t......athways during exercise, the changes in the body's tissues resulting from training, an increase in the loss of nutrients in sweat, urine and feces during and after strenuous activity and the additional nutrients needed to repair and maintain higher levels of lean tissue mass present in some athletes and indi......stood construction strategies, such biomineralized tissues exhibit remarkably high strength and toughness necessary for their physiological functioning. The key to understanding how this optimal construction is achieved lies in the hierarchical arrangement of organic and inorganic molecules from the nanosc...