Lab-on-a-chip device from Berkeley Lab to speed proteomics research
...nnectivity that enable cells to come together into tissues and organs. One of the first steps in proteomics research is to determine the identity and modifications of individual proteins that make up a cell or tissue sample. The principal means of doing this is through mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometers...Researcher receives $1.8M AIDS-related grant
...issue scattered through the brain. Because brain tissues don't divide, Johnson must conduct his study using oligodendrocytes removed from patients suffering from malignant brain cancer. Ironically, the cancerous cells are taken from patients whose cancer kills by causing massive overproduction of the cells...Salk scientists hammer out a pathway that promotes muscle cell survival in mice
...ed for its role in glucose regulation in metabolic tissues like the liver and pancreas, its function in muscle tissue was unknown. Then, the researchers noticed that mice lacking CREB activity in their muscle cells also had a genetic brake, called histone deacetylase (HDAC), stuck in place. Without loosening...Breathing easy: When it comes to oxygen, a bug's life is full of it
...y tubes (tracheae) that deliver oxygen directly to tissues and muscles. Insects typically have a pair of spiracles for each thoracic and abdominal segment. The same tubes that transport oxygen into the insect body usher out carbon dioxide. Insects use different methods to release carbon dioxide, including ...Reversing cancer cells to normal cells
... development), and the fact it develops organs and tissues comparable to those in humans, such as heart, kidney, pancreas, bones and cartilage.) Using the zebrafish model, and the extraordinary technologic advances made in microscopy and molecular biology in recent years, the team was able to show that t...Researchers identify new genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes
...which is characterized by the resistance of target tissues to respond to insulin and a gradual failure of insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas. In addition to lifestyle factors like obesity, poor diet and lack of exercise, doctors have long known that heredity plays a significant role in the risk of dev...Landmark study highlights complex genetic risk factors behind type 2 diabetes
...pacity of the insulin released to work properly in tissues such as muscle and fat (known as insulin resistance). It is a major cause of heart disease and stroke, as well as blindness and kidney failure. There are currently around 200 million people who have type 2 diabetes worldwide, yet its underlying cau...Corn, oats, cherries and red wine's high melatonin content can help delay aging
...roviejo, "that the first signs of ageing in animal tissues start at the age of five months [in mice] equivalent to 30 human years of age due to an increase in free radicals (oxygen and nitrogen), which cause an inflammatory reaction." The UGR researcher points out that such oxidative stress also has effe...Stanford scientists make major breakthrough in regenerative medicine
... new insights regarding the potential of cells and tissues to be reprogrammed and regenerate compromised organs in humans," said Ayelet Voskoboynik, Ph.D., of Stanford University and first author of the study. Missing limbs, scarred hearts, broken spines, and wounded muscles always try to repair themselves...A relative of anti-aging gene Klotho also influences metabolic activity, obesity
...broblast growth factors are hormones found in many tissues that are involved in tasks such as wound care and skeletal development. Certain fibroblast growth factors are active only in fat cells, but it hadnt been known why. The UT Southwestern researchers discovered that beta-Klotho, which is active in f...'Junk' DNA now looks like powerful regulator, Stanford researcher finds
...te to the correct location or form into organs and tissues of the correct shape. The 10,402 sequences studied by Bejerano, along with David Haussler, PhD, professor of biomolecular engineering at UC-Santa Cruz, are remnants of unusual DNA pieces called transposons that duplicate themselves and hop around t...Highlighted sessions of ASBMB's 2007 Annual Meeting
...h the red blood cells change shape, thus depriving tissues of oxygen and causing heart disease and stroke, affects about 70,000 people in the United States, most of them of African descent. JANE HANKINS, Faculty Assistant Member at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn., will discuss iron over...Antioxidant found in many foods and red wine is potent and selective killer of leukemia cells
...rapy and radiation, often damage healthy cells and tissues and can produce unwanted side effects for many years afterward. So, there is an intensive search for more targeted therapies for leukemia worldwide, said corresponding author Xiao-Ming Yin, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of pathology, University of......with one-third the concentration of toxin in their tissues because, as they grew faster, the toxin was diluted. Methylmercury is a neurotoxin found in all water bodies. While normally present in the water only in trace amounts, methylmercury presents a serious health hazard to humans due to biomagnificati...New report explores nanotechnology's future
...ard engineered nanomaterials for use as artificial tissues that will replace diseased kidneys and livers, and even repair nerve damage. "Nanotechnology can be used very effectively to extract critical information about the inception of the disease process at the level of the molecule and the atom, and as suc......aordinarily advanced products, from self-repairing tissues to quantum computers, may become practical. Given the incredible promise of the fast emerging fieldand the billions in public and private investment that it has attractedthe Wilson Center's Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN) launched today ...UD scientist wins NSF career award for tissue engineering research
...which scientists someday hope to provide synthetic tissues for repairing or replacing damaged human organs. "Xinqiao Jia is a wonderful scientist and teacher who is doing innovative research on biomaterials," Eric Kaler, the Elizabeth Inez Kelley Professor of Chemical Engineering and dean of UD's College o...World first test potential to identify breast cancer patients who will react badly to radiotherapy
...ff. Later the breast may shrink (atrophy) and the tissues under the skin may become hard and thickened (fibr... 15 times the risk of developing thickening of the tissues which is often associated with lifelong chronic pain. "The genes we have identified at present hav...Scientists unlock secret of what makes plants flower
...om jellyfish, allowing it to be detected in living tissues using highly sensitive microscope systems. The team then grafted two plants together, only one of which contained the gene for the fluorescent version of FT. This allowed them to show conclusively that FT protein moved from where it was produced i...Discoveries thrust cancer-initiating stem cells into a larger role in cancer biology and treatment
... of stem cells, which then propagated in the fatty tissues of the breast. These studies suggest that loss of BRCA1 function leads to a block in cell differentiation, expanding the stem cell pool. Since BRCA1 also regulates DNA repair, this may then produce genetically unstable stem cells which in turn gene...