Joslin researchers discover a surprising culprit in the search for causes of diabetic birth defects
...g beta cells of the pancreas and in the liver, the tissues that receive blood carrying high concentrations of glucose absorbed from the intestine after a meal," said Dr. Loeken. "It makes sense that Glut2 would be expressed in the pancreas where the high glucose level signals the beta cells to release insuli...Whole body regeneration from a blood vessel
... A metabolite) induces the regeneration of several tissues and organs. Only regenerating vessels and ampullae expressed RAR, and this expression continued through each phase of regeneration. The researchers confirmed RAs vital role in regeneration by inhibiting RA synthesis with chemicals and destroying R...Sphingolipids with therapeutic ends
...rigin of the disease and the return of the altered tissues to their normal state. How is it being undertaken? The process being followed is, in general, as follows: the most important cells involved in the formation, for example, of an atheroma, are the macrophages. The EHU-UPV researchers isolated t...Lessons in wood formation from Arabidopsis
...regulate the formation of secondary walls in woody tissues (e.g. stem and hypocotyl) of Arabidopsis. Experime...s the organization of the thickened walls in these tissues that leads to the splitting (dehiscence) of mature seedpods and anthers that releases seed and polle...MIT bioengineer advances survival, promise of adult stem cells
...l of such cells. Adult stem cells, found in many tissues in the body, are precursor cells for specific cell types. For example, stem cells found in the bone marrow develop into blood cells, bone cells and other connective tissues, and neural stem cells develop into brain tissue. Those stem cells hold gre...Research physiologists convene for 120th Annual Meeting
... Physiology is the study of how molecules, cells, tissues and organs function to create health or disease. For more than a century, physiology researchers have made landmark discoveries that have lead to improvements in human health and longevity. Early discoveries include the finding that certain organic s...Weizmann Institute scientists discover genes that can slow cell division and may fight cancer
...ein-production machinery. In tests conducted on tissues from ovarian cancer patients, the scientists found a correlation between levels of activity in the "braking" genes, rates of survival, and the aggressiveness of the disease. These findings point the way toward the development of a personal genetic pr...Experimental Biology 2007: Today's Research, Tomorrow's Health, April 28-May 2
...progress of bioengineering in creating replacement tissues for the heart, eye, skin and other organs. Others describe advances in three- and four-dimensional imaging of the cardiovascular system in living humans and how disruptions in circadian timing affect health. The American Society for Biochemistry a...Drug blocks lethal motor-neuron disease in mice
...ase the amount of SMN2 produced SMN in both neural tissues and muscles (the tissues that are affected in humans with SMA). Importantly, daily administration of TSA (which is a hydroxam...JCI table of contents -- February 22, 2006
...ase the amount of SMN2 produced SMN in both neural tissues and muscles (the tissues that are affected in humans with SMA). Importantly, daily administration of TSA (which is a hydroxam......an Lohuizen has found that stem cells in cancerous tissues are locked in an immature state in which they carry on multiplying instead of maturing into specific tissues. Some resistant cancer cells dont listen to the stop signal any more, he explains. That stop sign is delivered by the polycomb proteins. The...Researchers discover new details about HIV-1 entry and infection
... migrate out of the vaginal epithelium into deeper tissues shortly after exposure to HIV-1. The researchers found that HIV-1 simultaneously enters two different types of intraepithelial cells associated with the immune system, Langerhans cells (LC) and CD4+ T cells. However, the path of entry and fate of i...Stem cells determine their daughters' fate
...rstanding of stem cells by demonstrating that some tissues maintain themselves throughout life. It could also prove valuable in the fight against some cancers. "We found that stem cells can participate actively in determining what type of cell their daughters will become right at the moment of stem cell di...New hope for regenerative medicine
... a potential source of embryonic stem cell derived tissues for transplantation into the female from which the...e that uniparental cells had some capacity to form tissues in vitro and in vivo but it was questionable if these embryonic stem cells could generate transplant...Bats prey on nocturnally migrating songbirds
...ures of whole insect bodies and passerine muscular tissues were tracked throughout the year, serving as a control. The results elegantly showed that the bats ate only insects in summer, included some songbirds' flesh in their diet during spring, and depended a great deal on passerines during autumn. Moreover......a patient's skin, and then used to create cells or tissues according to the patient's specific need, the problem of immune rejection might be circumvented. "As importantly, these cells would also allow scientists to study the disease," said Fuchs. Fuchs cautioned that human applications are far in the futu...Scientists clone mice from adult skin stem cells
... for their potential to generate healthy cells and tissues that could replace damaged or diseased organs. "Scientists are well-aware that tissue derived from someone else's embryonic stem cells would be recognized as foreign and rejected by the patient," says senior co-author Elaine Fuchs, the Rebecca Lancef...Discovery could lead to better control of hemorrhagic fever viruses
...ody is low, the number of transferrin receptors in tissues increases. Consistent with these findings, Choe's team found that New World arenaviruses infect cells more efficiently when iron levels are low, and that adding iron to cultured cells makes them less susceptible to infection. Choe notes that New Worl...Exercise pivotal in preventing and fighting type II diabetes
...o help drive glucose out of the blood and into the tissues of the body. As a result of insulin resistance, cells do not respond appropriately to insulin, causing more insulin to be released to have a measurable effect and ultimately causing insulin and glucose to build up dangerously in the blood. ......or cellular maintenance that are expressed in many tissues tend to evolve slowly, whereas nonessential genes frequently evolve more quickly. This study highlights that the proportion of a gene that falls in close proximity to an intron-exon boundary has a strong effect on the overall rate of protein evolutio...