Beyond the DNA: Chemical signatures reveal genetic switches in the genome
... at which gene expression occurs and determine the tissues in which genes are expressed. "The human genome is packaged within each cell by chromatin, a structure composed of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones," explains lead author Nathaniel Heintzman, from LICR and the UCSD Biomedical Sciences Gr...Lipid plays big role in embryonic development
...o form the primitive ectoderm from which embryonic tissues develop, says Dr. Erhard Bieberich, biochemist at the Medical College of Georgia. Probably 90 percent of ceramide gathers at the top or apical end of these early stem cells, literally helping cells have direction. "We have cell polarity, an up and ...... disease" (GVHD). GVHD is a rejection of recipient tissues by the donor's T cells that see their new host as non-self'. As many as 60% of recipients develop GVHD. In the best-case GVHD scenario, the disease markedly diminishes the patient's quality of life. In the most severe cases, GVHD may cause death. Bec...Chromium picolinate shows greater benefits in diabetes care than other forms of chromium
...hat chromium picolinate was better absorbed by the tissues (e.g., liver and muscle) than chromium nicotinate and chromium chloride.(5) Absorption into the tissue is important because for a mineral to be beneficial, it must survive the digestive tract and reach the bloodstream. Otherwise, minerals pass thro...Central and peripheral signals set the circadian liver clock
...N) in the brain. "Phase adjustments" in peripheral tissues ensure that each clock follows the same schedule. ...s whether cyclically expressed genes in peripheral tissues are controlled by local circadian clocks or by systemic cues that are directly or indirectly control...Major link in brain-obesity puzzle found
...SH2B1 is expressed in four different forms in many tissues of the body, including fat cells known as adipose tissue, as well as the liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. Rui and his team also explored the role of SH2B1 in fat cells, finding that the knockout mice that lacked the SH2B1 gene stored away much m...'Biomimetic Technologies' project will create first soft-bodied robots
... on the adaptive mechanisms found in living cells, tissues and whole organisms," he explains. These devices,...s related to the biological properties of animals, tissues and cells, and their practical use in biomimetic devices," says Abriola. "It has the potential to de...Mind over matter: SH2B1 in the brain regulates obesity
...nd colleagues show that SH2B1 is expressed in many tissues related to obesity, including the brain, liver, pancreas, and fat tissue. Replacing SH2B1 in only the brain of mice lacking SH2B1 prevented the mice from becoming obese. It also prevented the mice from developing obesity after being fed a high-fat di...JCI table of contents: Jan. 18, 2007
...nd colleagues show that SH2B1 is expressed in many tissues related to obesity, including the brain, liver, pancreas, and fat tissue. Replacing SH2B1 in only the brain of mice lacking SH2B1 prevented the mice from becoming obese. It also prevented the mice from developing obesity after being fed a high-fat di...UCLA and NYU microbiologists crack genome of a parasite that causes a common STD
...h irritation of local tissues. Erosion of cervical tissues may occur, and complications can result in sterility. A big threat from infection also occurs in pregnant women, who are at risk for ruptured membranes, preterm deliveries and low-birth-weight babies. In men, the parasite is a cause of nongonococcal ...Study uncovers a lethal secret of 1918 influenza virus
...ucted by researchers using genes obtained from the tissues of victims of the great pandemic in a reverse genetics process that enables scientists to make fully functioning viruses. "In 1918, the existence of viruses had barely been recognized. In fact, the influenza virus wasn't identified until 1933. Than...Researchers first to map gene that regulates adult stem cell growth
...even probable, that other stem cell populations in tissues such as the liver, skin, pancreas or brain may be similarly affected by Latexin. This could open up new therapeutic strategies such as using stem cells for the treatment of other diseases and conditions such as liver disease, diabetes and central ner...Scientists sequence genome of parasite responsible for common sexually transmitted infection
..., causing direct damage to the urinary and vaginal tissues and resulting in inflammation. T. vaginalis also consumes bacteria that may be present in the urinary and genital areas, including the bacteria necessary for maintaining a normal healthy environment in the vagina. As a result, women infected with tri...JCI table of contents -- January 11, 2006
...p other immune cells from attacking the body's own tissues and causing autoimmunity, are also impaired in the absence of WASp. In the study, which appears online on January 11 in advance of publication in the February print issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, David Rawlings and colleagues show ...Regulatory T cells require WASp if they are to prevent self-destruction
...p other immune cells from attacking the body's own tissues and causing autoimmunity, are also impaired in the absence of WASp. In the study, which appears online on January 11 in advance of publication in the February print issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, David Rawlings and colleagues show ...New molecular pathway could reveal how cells stick together
... ability to control cell adhesion," she said. Many tissues undergo remodeling as the flies grow and develop, ...lls circulating around and being able to attach to tissues that need their attention," she said. A new signaling pathway holds promise of new therapeutic tar...Micro molecules can identify pancreatic cancer
... of 28 pancreatic tumors, 11 of 15 adjacent benign tissues and six of six normal tissues. Levels of some miRNAs were increased by more than 30- and 50-fold, with a few showing decreased levels of eight- to 15-fold. Schmittgen and his colleagues are now working to learn which of the miRNAs they identified...Tumor-free breast tissue can have precancerous changes
...es) from the tumor's visible edge and with control tissues removed during breast-reduction surgery. The stu...udy whether the abnormal chemical change in normal tissues adjacent to tumors is associated with local recurrence....Calcium important for nursing mothers' oral health
... saw an acute inflammatory reaction in periodontal tissues and disruption of the gingival epithelium, the tissues surrounding the teeth, in addition to increased attachment loss, and increased alveolar bone loss. ...Jefferson scientists find guardian gene's choices crucial to stopping cancer process
...ause cell death could be more important in certain tissues than in others. In the future, if someone could develop therapies that could specifically activate p53's potential to drive programmed cell death versus the cell cycle arrest potential, it might influence how a doctor might choose to treat a certain ...