Reconstructed 1918 influenza virus induces immune response that fails to protect
...s taken from the mice, enabling the researchers to trace the immune response to each of the infections. The potent immune system reaction of the mice infected with the 1918 virus is one of the main questions raised by the study, according to Dr. Basler. Did the very strong immune system response contribu...Explaining the methane mystery
...of how the gas is transported in the atmosphere to trace back to the source of methane emissions, based on the past 20 years of atmospheric measurements. The results indicate that a reduction and/or more efficient use of natural gas in the Northern Hemisphere was largely responsible for the drop in methan...USGS at The Wildlife Society: From sea-ice change to contaminants to predators and prey
...of other elements to determine if mercury or other trace element contamination may be affecting giant garter snake populations. Although contaminants in snakes have been poorly studied, and it is difficult to know threshold values of toxins, mercury concentrations in these samples indicate that the effects...'Imported' pollution tied to poor air quality in Texas in 2004
...e summer of 2004, researchers sampled a variety of trace gases and aerosols -- tiny particles suspended in the air -- across North America. During the time of the study, forest fires in western Canada and eastern Alaska were consuming more acres than at any time during the last 50 years. Meteorological con...New National Institute of Mental Health research program launches autism trials
...ounger have contained either no thimerosal or only trace amounts, with the exception of inactivated flu vaccine, which is manufactured in formulations both containing and free of thimerosal. Thimerosal-free influenza vaccine licensed for use in children six to 23 months of age is available in limited suppl...A cognitive strategy shared by human infants and our great-ape kin
...t underlies human cognition. Yet it is possible to trace the evolution of human cognitive abilities and tendencies by contrasting them with the skills of our nearest cousins--not just chimpanzees, but all the extant great apes--and thereby identify what we are likely to have inherited from our common ances...Suspicion lingers over bisphenol A and breast cancer
...ter for Disease Control and Prevention study found trace amounts of BPA in 95 percent of urine samples collected from American adults. The researchers present a model for the selective uptake of BPA into breast cancer cells by implicating human enzymes that sulfate and de-sulfate BPA. One of those enzy...New methods for screening nanoparticles
...e-walled carbon nanotubes, nanoropes, graphene and trace elements; partially cleaned air-oxidized carbon nanotubes; as well as, carbon-nanotube-derived loops used to carry antibodies). They assessed cell viability (did the cells live or die?) and growth characteristics of the monolayer, and examined any al...Unmasking nutrition's role in genes and birth defects
...he brain, hormone production and pigmentation. The trace metal is commonly found in shellfish, nuts, chocolate and liver. "Whether a zebrafish embryo has enough copper to develop normally depends not only on the total amount of copper, but on how well this gene functions," Mendelsohn said. Menkes disease ...Study documents marathon migrations of sooty shearwaters
... different parts of the migration route, the birds trace giant figure eights over the Pacific Basin. "The only other bird species known that could rival the migrations of the sooty shearwater would be the arctic tern, which breeds in the Arctic and migrates to Antarctica. But we don't know if they do tha...Study shows how protein raises antibody output
...inside the B cells. This enabled the scientists to trace the chemical changes that begin with CD86 and run through the B cell and the making of antibodies. "We showed for the first time what signaling molecules are activated inside B cells when CD86 is stimulated," says first author Nicholas W. Kin, a g...Fulbright awards Senior Specialist grant to Carnegie's Marilyn Fogel
...nctive isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen to trace phenomena ranging from the role of humans in altering the landscape in ancient Australia, to the nature of microorganisms that first populated the Earth. "This Fulbright grant is the first of its kind for Carnegie," commented Carnegie president Ri...Power plants are major influence in regional mercury emissions
...osynthesis. The researchers used carbon dioxide to trace mercury back to its sources with a unique method c... "To our knowledge, using the carbon dioxide to trace mercury over a long time period hasn't been done before," said the authors. "We started with actual ...New clues to how major weight-loss drugs work
... of a protein called MSH that curbs appetite. To trace the effect of these two proteins downstream in the appetite-regulating pathway, the researchers analyzed the effects of various drugs that enhance or interfere with serotonin on feeding behavior in mice. They found that the drugs acted to disrupt fun...Study shows that parasites form the thread of food webs
... California for research and teaching. Food webs trace the flow of energy through an ecosystem. They extend the concept of food chains those who-eats-whom sequences to biological communities. Food webs rarely include parasites because of the difficulty in quantifying them by standard ecological methods...MetOp-A gets green light for 17 July launch date
...umidity, wind speed and direction, ozone and other trace gases. Since the arrival of the MetOp-A satellite at its launch site in Baikonur on 18 April 2006, the Service Module, Payload Module and Solar Array, which were shipped as individual items, have been integrated and tested. Following a review of ...Molecular censusing doubles estimate of key giant panda population
...an 50%. Moreover, the population showed no genetic trace of a demographic "bottleneck" in the recent past, implying that the population may not have been diminished to such tiny numbers as commonly feared. If these results were to be replicated in other key reserves (and the authors state that this is not...Acid rain causing decline in sugar maples, say researchers
...had risen. Acid rain also increases levels of the trace nutrient manganese in the soil, which can be toxic to trees in higher doses. By year four and five, manganese in the leaves had declined to healthier levels. In addition, seed production and the density and size of sugar maple seedlings all increased...How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans
...ntal data from embryonic dolphins, we were able to trace these genetic changes to the point in time when they happened," Thewissen said. "Studies on swimming in mammals show that a sleek body is necessary for efficient swimming, because projecting organs such as rudimentary hind limbs cause a lot of drag, ...Human and chimp genomes reveal new twist on origin of species
...ons must be 'older' than others, meaning that they trace back to different times in the common ancestral population that gave rise to both humans and chimps (see Graphic). But, the new study is the first to actually measure the range of ages. It gave three surprising results: the time of from the begin...