Fedoroff, of Penn State, to receive National Medal of Science
... the Carnegie Institution of Washington, where she turned to plant research, pioneered the application of molecular techniques to plants, and cloned some of the first plant genes. She then undertook the molecular characterization of the mobile elements -- now known as transposons -- discovered by maize gen...Immune system 'escape hatch' gives cancer cells traction
... inactivating the T cells. The Florida team then turned to Schneck, who in 1993 developed several novel proteins to test how various antigens, such as those on cancer cells, specifically latch on to T cells. Researchers then began experiments to determine if the MDSC T-cell interference was simply gen...Metabolic syndrome -- don't blame the belly fat
... high in carbohydrates, Shulman and his colleagues turned to magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure the production of liver and muscle triglyceride, the storage form of fat, and of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate. "What we found is that (insulin) sensitive individuals took the energy from car...How plants learned to respond to changing environments
...ants have also changed the range of genes that are turned on and off in response to these proteins. This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. ...Climate change reduces Queensland's bat numbers
A central eastern Queensland mine has turned up bat fossils which show climate change has had a negative impact on the states bat population. Queensland University of Technology (QUT) PhD student Sandrine Martinez is currently sifting through what is the largest and best record of the states so...Investigating Life in Extreme Environments report gives hints on facts of life
...ated how global changes in the recent decades have turned some environments setting into becoming extreme conditions for the normal ecosystems (e.g. acidification of the oceans). Therefore the understanding of tolerance/adaptation/non-adaptation to extreme conditions and ecosystem functioning are able to he...Mother-of-pearl -- Classic beauty and remarkable strength
...theoretical physicist Susan Coppersmith, the group turned to modeling to try to understand how such a structure could form. "By looking at the final result and comparing it to the result of different growth models, you get insight into what the actual mechanism of the growth is," Coppersmith says. The ...New method for reading DNA sheds light on basis of cell identity
...llular machinery, thus controlling which genes get turned on or off. To decipher this epigenetic code requires ways of determining precisely which chromatin proteins sit at which locations along a cells DNA. In principle, scientists could infer the locations by using specialized DNA chips. In practice, t...New dynamic brace developed to advance clubfoot treatment
... for clubfoot, a birth defect in which the foot is turned in toward the body, has shown better compliance and fewer complications than the traditional brace used to treat the condition. Matthew B. Dobbs, M.D., associate professor of orthopedic surgery at the School of Medicine, designed the new dynamic br...A small leak will sink a great ship
...d altered identity to the floral organs. This gene turned out to code for a microRNA, a small ribonucleic acid consisting of little more than 20 nucleotides. MicroRNAs can recognize and bind to complementary sequences present in messenger RNAs (mRNA) and prevent thereby translation of the mRNA into a protei...Gut check: Tracking the ecosystem within us
... to grow in culture in the lab. So the researchers turned to DNA microarray technology. That technology, developed by Brown in the 1990s, allows researchers to simultaneously measure the presence or activity of thousands of genes. The team used microarrays to profile the mixture of bacterial DNA in an avera...Scientists identify first gene linked to scoliosis
...ng of a molecule that controls whether the gene is turned on. In this case, they think the gene is turned off more often than it should be, which reduces the amount of CHD7 protein produced. "The change i...Scientists close in on missing carbon sink
...find this terrestrial carbon sink, scientists have turned to computer models that combine worldwide wind pat...nto global carbon exchange known as TransCom. They turned to flasks of air collected by research aircraft over various points of the globe for the past 27 yea...Northern forests less effective than tropical forests in reducing global warming
...odels were correct, Stephens and his collaborators turned to flasks of air that had been collected by research aircraft over various points of the globe. The air samples had been collected and analyzed by seven labs, where they were used to investigate various aspects of the carbon cycle, but this is the ...Hepatitis B drug can compromise HIV treatment
...latively easy to miss, but with the right assay it turned out to be a highly reproducible effect. The researchers studies revealed that entecavir does inhibit HIVs reverse transcriptase. They also found that one of the patients treated with entecavir developed a specific mutant form of HIV that rendered th...A faster way to recover from chemotherapy and marrow transplant
...increased or decreased gene activity. Of these, 10 turned out to affect the prostaglandin pathway: five increased the formation of blood stem cells, and five decreased it. We werent specifically looking for prostaglandins, says Zon, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator who is also a member of the ...Arctic spring comes weeks earlier than a decade ago
...To uncover the effects of warming, the researchers turned to phenology, the study of the timing of familiar signs of spring seen in plants, butterflies, birds, and other species. Shifts in phenology are considered one of the clearest and most rapid signals of biological response to rising temperatures, Hye ...Gum disease in postmenopausal women linked to oral bone loss
...ion between bacterial infection and oral bone loss turned out to be strongest in overweight women, compared to normal weight or obese women. We expected to see an increased risk for oral bone loss with increasing body mass index (BMI, a factor representing the relationship of weight to height), commented ...In nature, proteins sweep up nanoparticles
...how it works. To explore this question, the team turned to Berkeley Labs Advanced Light Source, a national user facility that generates intense light for scientific research. Using an imaging tool called Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the team analyzed the zinc sulfide aggregates and detected th...Screening approach leads to discovery of gene linked to breast cancer
... us to study what happened to cells when IKBKE was turned on and when it was shut off, and to take a global look at the genetic alterations within breast cancer cell lines and tumors," Hahn says. "Integrating these techniques allowed us to identify a new breast cancer oncogene and show that it plays a cruci...