Other highlights in the March 16 JNCI
...... Differences in breast cancer rates between racial and ethnic garoups can be largely explained by the distribution of risk factors except in African American women, according to a new study....... Women in ethnic and racial minority groups have lower breast cancer incidence than white women. However, among women with breast cancer, African American women are diagnosed at a more advanced st...Other highlights in the March 2 JNCI
...... Approximately 30% of participants in a randomized trial of various colorectal cancer screening strategies chose to participate in screening regardless of whether they were offered an immunochemical fecal occult blood test (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, or a choice of the two methods, according to a new study....... It is generally accepted that colorectal cancer screening reduces the incidence of...Other highlights in the April 7 JNCI
...Aspirin use is not associated with an increase or a decrease in mortality from pancreatic cancer, a new study has found. ......Previous epidemiologic studies have reported mixed and limited results regarding a possible association between aspirin use and pancreatic cancer risk. Eric J. Jacobs, Ph.D., of the American Cancer Society, and colleagues examined self-reported aspirin use in a cohort...Other highlights in the October 15 issue of JNCI
...A new study confirms previous findings that hair color, number of moles on the legs, and history of sunburn are risk factors for malignant melanoma. The study also found that the use of sunbeds and other tanning devices is associated with an increased risk of the disease. Marit Veierd, Ph.D., of the University of Oslo in Norway, and colleagues surveyed 106,379 Norwegian and Swedish women betw...Other highlights in the November 5 issue of JNCI
...Factory workers who are routinely exposed to the industrial chemical formaldehyde may have an increased risk of leukemia and lung cancer, according to two large studies that followed U.S. and British factory workers for an extended period of time. ...Formaldehyde is used extensively in the production of common items including photographic film, plywood, and wrinkle-free clothing. It is also...Other highlights in the February 2 JNCI
...... Despite some improvement since 1988, the majority of patients with colorectal cancer in 2001 received inadequate lymph node evaluation to see if their cancer had spread, according to a new study....... Lymph node status is the strongest predictor of outcome for colorectal cancer patients. Only 40% of patients with lymph node metastases will survive for 5 years after diagnosis compared wit...Other highlights in the January 19 JNCI
...... Adding more types of human papillomavirus to the current HPV DNA test would detect relatively few additional cases of cervical cancer but would result in thousands of additional women without cancer receiving unnecessary cervical exams, according to a new study....... The use of HPV testing in the detection and prevention of cervical cancer is increasing. The U.S. Food and Drug Administra...Other highlights in the December 15 JNCI
The accuracy of mammographic interpretation can vary widely, but the source of the variability has not been explained. To investigate the relationship between radiologists' characteristics and actual performance, William E. Barlow, Ph.D., of Cancer Research and Biostatistics in Seattle, and colleagues surveyed 124 radiologists and tracked cancer outcomes from the more than 460,000 screening mamm...Other highlights in the December 1 JNCI
...... A new study of pesticide applicators has found that exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos may be associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer but concludes that more studies are needed....... About 8 to 10 million pounds of the insecticide chlorpyrifos were used in the U.S. agricultural sector in 1999. The chemical is found in approximately 800 products, which are used for a var...Other highlights in the September 15 JNCI
...... A new study of atrazine exposure among pesticide applicators has found no clear association with an increased risk of cancer....... In the United States, more than 76 million pounds of the herbicide atrazine are used annually, applied primarily to corn and soybean crops. The pesticide has been detected in surface water surveys in the Midwest and in national surveys of drinking water wells...Other highlights in the April 21 JNCI
... ...Most oncology physicians and nurses do not share the results of clinical trials with their patients who are participants, even though they believe that their patients want the results and that routinely offering results would not have a negative effect on patients. ... ...To examine the issue, Ann H. Partridge, M.D., M.P.H., of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, and colleagues su...Other highlights in the January 7 issue of JNCI
... According to a new meta-analysis, consolidation therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that includes autologous bone marrow transplantation is associated with a modest improvement in disease-free survival but not with an improvement in overall survival, results that do not support the routine use of autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients who are in their first rem...Other highlights in the December 3 issue of JNCI
...A new study suggests that the nutrients calcium and vitamin D work together, not separately, to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. ... ...Maria V. Grau, M.D., of the Dartmouth Medical School in Lebanon, N.H., and her colleagues examined data on 803 people who participated in the Calcium Polyp Prevention Study, a randomized trial that showed a protective effect of calcium supplementation fo...Other highlights in the November 19 issue of JNCI
...Black men tend to have poorer overall survival than white men after being treated for localized prostate cancer, according to a new study, which also found that the disparity is greatest among men who undergo surgery.... ...In a study that examined the records of 5,747 black men and 38,242 white men with clinically localized prostate cancer, Paul A. Godley, M.D., Ph.D., of the Lineberger Comp...Other highlights in the October 1 issue of JNCI
...Adjuvant chemotherapy has been proposed as a way to improve the poor survival rates of patients with surgically removed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a new study has found no such benefit associated with adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients. Giorgio V. Scagliotti, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Torino, Italy, and colleagues compared outcomes of patients with completely re...Other highlights in the September 17 issue of JNCI
...A prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSA-DT) of less than 3 months after treatment is associated with an increased risk of death from prostate cancer, according to a new study. Anthony V. D'Amico, M.D., Ph.D., of the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, and his colleagues examined time to prostate cancer-specific mortality among 8,669 patients with localized or locally advanced prost...Other highlights in the September 3 issue of JNCI
...Overall cancer incidence and death rates have stabilized, a trend that began in the mid- to late 1990s, according to the Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, published in the September 3 issue of the ...... The report, produced annually by the American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Associa...Other highlights in the August 20 issue of JNCI
...Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women, but the mechanism for this association has not been established. A new study suggests that the risk increase may result from an associated increase in the production of estrogens. Timothy J. Key, D.Phil., of the University of Oxford, and his colleagues from the Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer...Other highlights in the August 6 issue of JNCI
...Some phytoestrogens--estrogens found in plant foods--consumed at the levels in the typical American-style diet are associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer, a new study has found.... ...The development of endometrial cancer is related to prolonged exposure to estrogens without cyclic exposure to progesterone. Phytoestrogens may have antiestrogenic effects. Phytoestrogens are found...Other highlights of the May 21 JNCI
... Higher serum selenium levels appear to be associated with a reduced risk of progression toward esophageal cancer among people with Barrett's esophagus, according to a new study. Rebecca E. Rudolph, M.D., of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, and her colleagues examined 399 people with Barrett's esophagus and found that people with higher concentrations of selenium in their...Other highlights of the January 1 JNCI
...If a woman has a negative Pap test along with a negative test for cervical cancer-causing human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, that may be an indication that she does not need to be screened as often for cervical cancer as women who have positive results, suggests a study in the January 1 issue of the . ... ...Mark E. Sherman, M.D., of the National Cancer Institute, and his colleagues examined th...Other highlights in the November 20 issue of JNCI
...Patients with bladder cancer who had been exposed to high levels of arsenic have tumors with greater chromosomal instability, and these tumors tend to be more aggressive than tumors from unexposed patients, according to a study in the November 20 issue of the . Lee E. Moore, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute, and colleagues examined chromosomal alterations in bladder tumor DNA in 123...Other highlights in the November 6 issue of JNCI
...PC-SPES, a dietary supplement taken by some men as a treatment for prostate cancer, may compromise the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents, such as paclitaxel, by interfering with microtubule polymerization, according to a study in the November 6 issue of the ...... Michael J Bonham and Peter S. Nelson, M.D., of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, and their colleagues...Other highlights in the October 16 issue of JNCI
...Many women who undergo prophylactic bilateral mastectomy have an exaggerated perception of their breast cancer risk before surgery, suggests a study in the October 16 issue of the . ... ...Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy is a preventive option for women who are at high risk of developing breast cancer. A woman's perception of her risk can influence her decision to undergo this surgery. Ke...Other highlights in the October 2 issue of JNCI
...In patients with advanced prostate cancer, the disease often spreads to the bone, causing pain, fractures, and spinal cord compression. In the October 2 issue of the , Fred Saad, M.D., of Notre Dame Hospital of the University of Montreal, and his colleagues show in a randomized double-blind study that patients given the biphosphonate zoledronic acid had fewer bone complications and experienc...Other highlights in the September 18 issue of JNCI
...Current and past smoking may increase the risk of cervical cancer among women who have been infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV), according to a study in the September 18 issue of the ....... Philip E. Castle, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute, and his colleagues looked at the association between various risk factors and cervical cancer among 1,812 women who had tested positiv...Other highlights in the September 4 issue of JNCI
...A diet high in sucrose and carbohydrates does not appear to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, according to a new study in the September 4 issue of the . However, the study did find that impaired glucose metabolism may play a role in the development of pancreatic cancer. ...... Obesity and diabetes have been associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. To determine whether su...Other highlights in the August 7 issue of JNCI
... Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been associated with metastasis and invasion of human ovarian cancer cells. This enzyme is also expressed in the underlying stromal (nontumor) cells. ...... , Isaiah J. Fidler, D.V.M., Ph.D., and his colleagues at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston found that stromal MMP-9 expression contributes to an......... ...... Various groups have called for a national system to monitor the quality of cancer care. However, the validity of cancer registry data has not yet been proven. In this study, Jennifer L Malin, M.D., of the Jo...... ...A study suggests that postmenopausal women with higher levels of natural sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, have a higher risk of breast cancer than postmenopausal women with lower levels of sex hormones. ... ...Timothy J. Key, D.Phil., and his colleagues from the Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group at the University of Oxford analyzed data from nine pr...