2005 Pulp Biology Research Award
...beta 2 chain as a cell adhesion molecule for nerve fibers closely linked to odontoblast cell membranes. Finally, revisiting the odontoblast morphology, he described the presence of a primary cilium in odontoblasts, leading to hypothesize that this structure could be involved in signal transduction. He is no...Schepens scientists regenerate optic nerve for the first time
...est science has come to regenerating so many nerve fibers over a long distance to reach their targets and to...However, this is not true for nerve cells or their fibers (axons) in the Central Nervous System (CNS). The CNS consists of the brain (of which the eye and opt...Contrary to previous findings, smoking is detrimental to patients with Alzheimer's
...ncreases neurofibrillary tangles -- the bundles of fibers that are one of the two neuropathological hallmarks of the disease, the other being clump-like plaques. Previous animal studies had suggested that nicotine reduces the number of these plaques; however, this possible benefit is outweighed by the incre...Mayo Clinic researchers identify new form of muscular dystrophy in adults
... of rare inherited muscle diseases in which muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage. The different forms of the disease are distinctive in the inheritance pattern, primary muscles and genes affected, and prognosis, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Disabilit...New research reinforces importance of aerobic health
...es of changes in muscle physiology, and how muscle fibers change as a result of exercise. In addition to courses on physiology, Swoap teaches the popular "Biology of Exercise and Nutrition" class, which attracted over 10 percent of the student body its first year offered. He earned his B.S. in biology from ...New clue to nerve growth may help regeneration efforts
...maphorin 5A helps keep the bundle of growing nerve fibers together by interacting with a different family of proteins, those known as heparan sulfate proteoglygans (HSPGs). Other semaphorins also are known to have the apparent paradox of both encouraging growth and restricting it. "Semaphorins' dual abiliti...Brain imaging reveals new language circuits
...her for its comprehension. A dense bundle of nerve fibers connected the two. But there have always been nays...g disorders, but not both. A large bundle of nerve fibers was found to connect Broca's and Wernicke's areas, and damage to this pathway also produced language...Transplanted bone marrow cells reduce liver fibrosis in mice
... transplanted blood marrow cells degraded collagen fibers and reduced liver fibrosis, exhibiting strong expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9. "The reason for the strong expression of MMP-9 is still unknown," report the authors, but report that it was somehow related to the migrat...Stem cells of limited use for cardiac muscle repair
...th skeletal muscle. After examining 10,000 muscle fibers from each of 14 mice they found two myofibers that contained sarcoglycan. These results are difficult to reconcile with the promising responses seen in mice and humans treated with adult stem cells. "It's clear that the transplant...Brains of people with autism recall letters of the alphabet in brain areas dealing with shapes
... a failure of the brain's neurological wiring--the fibers of nervous system tissue that interconnect the individual parts of the brain. Deprived of effective connections, the different brain areas must work independently, sometimes performing at a higher level individually than they do in people who do not...FDA grants accelerated approval of TYSABRI, formerly antegren, for the treatment of MS
...an cause inflammation and potentially damage nerve fibers and their insulation. "TYSABRI is a powerful and innovative therapy that offers new hope for hundreds of thousands of people living with MS," said James C. Mullen, chief executive officer, Biogen Idec. "We believe TYSABRI will revolutionize the t...New female sterilization technique not only quicker and easier for patients, but cheaper
...ce encapsulates and holds in place white polyester fibers able to cause scarring and thus block the fallopian tubes within 12 weeks, preventing the possibility of future pregnancy. This method requires minimal sedation and no surgical incision, as the surgeon enters via the vagina. It also allows quick rec...New insights into muscle adaptation to exercise
...ng to an anaerobic to aerobic change in the muscle fibers supplied by those vessels. The VEGF gene produces ... made up of two different fiber types slow-twitch fibers requiring oxygen to function, and the fast-twitch fibers, which function in the absence of oxygen by...Several new techniques show promise for spinal cord repair
... researchers observed groups of regenerating nerve fibers crossing the spinal cord injury site and the alignment of green cells forming myelin. Electron microscopic examination of the tissue showed that myelin was indeed produced around the axons by the transplanted cells. "These results indicate that a nu...Exercising limbs protects brain cells affected by Parkinson's, study in rodents shows
...in an area called the substantia nigra along nerve fibers that end in the brain's striatum, an area involved in control of movement. In the absence of dopamine, neurons can't send the appropriate messages for smooth motor control, resulting in the telltale symptoms of Parkinson's: uncontrollable tremors, ri...New technologies shed light on schizophrenia
...elated smaller sizes in two distinct webs of brain fibers to two distinct types of cognitive malfunction. Th... the movement of water molecules in and around the fibers that connect different parts of the brain. Neuroscientists use DTI to track indicators of brain "co...Promise of stem cells amplified
...trocytes caused the dopamine neurons to sprout new fibers and to transport the GDNF back to the neuron cell bodies, signs of improved neuronal health and function. "The study provides evidence that this delivery method might be used as a clinical tool for Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases," says Svendse...Accelerated heartbeart mystery: Is odd electrical wave the key?
...thly through the cardiac cells, causing the muscle fibers to contract and pump blood in a coordinated manner, like soldiers marching in near lockstep. During ventricular tachycardia, however, electrical waves can often form in the shape of a single-arm spiral, throwing the cellular soldiers out of sync and ...New technology shows axons are extremely sensitive to directional cues
...logy to precisely measure the sensitivity of nerve fibers that wire up the brain during development. Through...come with a user and troubleshooting manual, nerve fibers called axons must follow molecular cues to find the right targets. Much work has been done to und......lly lead to injury," he continued. Skeletal muscle fibers become longer and produce more force during plyometric training. Therein lies the cause of possible muscle damage. "Most training injuries, such as straining the connective tissue that holds the kneecap in place, inflammation of the Achilles' tendon ...