Environmental tobacco smoke linked to reading, math, logic and reasoning declines in children
...posure to environmental tobacco smoke, researchers measured levels of cotinine, a substance produced when nicotine is broken down by the body. Cotinine can be measured in blood, urine, saliva and hair. It is considered the best marker of environmental tobacco smoke e...Being overweight has a significant effect on a child's quality of life
...r at an average age of 10.4 years. The researchers measured health-related QOL using the PedsQL 4.0, a short survey which assesses physical, emotional, social, and school functioning in a child. The survey was completed by a parent and by child self-report. Summary scores for children's total, physical, and ...Tip sheet Annals of Internal Medicine, Jan. 4, 2005
...minor hemorrhages. The self-management patients measured the levels of anticoagulant medications with a portable device and adjusted the dose of the medication. An editorial writer says that patient self-management of anticoagulation is an idea whose time has come (Editorial, p. 73)....Two self-fulfilling prophecies are stronger, and more harmful, than one
...e children. Parents filled out questionnaires that measured their beliefs about their children's alcohol use and the children also filled out a questionnaires at the start of the experiment, including items assessing their past alcohol use. Twelve months later, the children answered a questionnaire that ascer...Treating individuals: How generalisable are trial data?
... validity of RCTs, particularly in relation to the measured treatment effect. Stricter requirements than previously for the external validity of RCTs submitted to pharmaceutical licensing authorities. Increased consideration of external validity in the CONSORT guidelines on the reporting of RCTs, and the C...Exercise combats metabolic syndrome in older adults
... or stepper, plus weightlifting. The Hopkins team measured the changes in participants' risk factors, body fa...as exercising for six months. Aerobic fitness, as measured by peak oxygen uptake on a treadmill, increased by 16 percent, and strength fitness increased by 17 ...Veterans in better health than other residents of nursing homes, new test for evaluating tinnitus
...ormal and six diabetic participants. Investigators measured and compared the plantar pressure distribution of five different support conditions, including shoe-only, flat insole, and three contoured insoles for the whole foot and for selected regions. They found significantly different pressure distribution p...Tobacco-company-sponsored parties with free cigarettes may encourage students to start smoking
...ge social event. This is the first study that has measured young adults' exposure to a tobacco industry marketing strategy that has assumed greater prominence since the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement, in which the tobacco industry agreed not to market to teenagers, making young adults (aged 18 to 24) its y...Mayo Clinic finds restless legs syndrome in children linked to family history, iron deficiency
...ome patients was a low iron level in the blood (as measured by serum ferritin) seen in 83 percent of the patients, the explanation for which is unknown, according to Dr. Kotagal. "With regard to the iron deficiency, we don't know if it's the diet or a genetic predisposition to low iron levels," says Dr. Kota...Triple-drug therapy promising against African HIV subtype
...otherapy. Responses to antiretroviral therapy were measured in part by plasma HIV RNA levels and the number of peripheral blood CD4 cells, which help to orchestrate immune responses. After three months, 94 percent of the TB group and 80 percent of the Kaposi group had undetectable HIV RNA levels--rates equiva...Maintaining physical activity linked to less cognitive decline in older men
...derly (FINE) Study. Beginning in 1990, researchers measured the duration and intensity of physical activities such as walking, bicycling, gardening, farming, sports, odd jobs, and hobbies. Cognitive functioning was tested with the Mini Mental State Examination. The study showed that over 10 years the cognitiv...Evidence indicates cancer patients unable to intentionally postpone death for significant events
... cancer noted as the leading cause of death. They measured the total number of cancer deaths in the 2 weeks centered on the event of interest, and the proportion of these deaths that occurred in the week before and the week after the event to determine whether these proportions were significantly different. ...Size of myocardial infarct measured using MRI
...issue or prevent further damage." The Hopkins team measured the size of an m.i. in 13 dogs using eight differe... measurements at autopsy. The size of an m.i. was measured as a percentage of left ventricular volume. All measurements using MRI were taken within 24 hours a...American Thoracic Society Journal news tips for December 2004 (second issue)
...rcent of their prescribed dose. The investigators measured post-hospital adherence in 52 inner city asthmatics by means of electronic medication monitors, self-report, canister weight (for inhaled corticosteroids) and pill counts (for oral corticosteroids). The researchers noted that their results provided ...Requip tablets treat symptoms of primary RLS
...Requip showed significant improvements in sleep as measured in all four domains of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) sleep scale at week 12 (somnolence, p = 0.0043; sleep disturbance, p< 0.0001; sleep adequacy, p< 0.0001; sleep quantity, p= 0.0097). According to the study authors, this means patients ...Drinking and spousal abuse by male US Army soldiers
...odes of spouse abuse even when drinking habits are measured years prior to the event. Domestic violence is a ...odes of spouse abuse even when drinking habits are measured years prior to the event. "Women are not only more likely than men to be victims of abuse at some ...Prevalence of obesity among immigrants increases with longer residency in US
...formation collected included body mass index (BMI, measured as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and rates of diet and exercise counseling. Of 32,374 respondents (representing an estimated 201 million adults in the United States), 14 percent were immigrants. The prevalence of obes...Some herbal medicine products contain potentially toxic amounts of heavy metals
... Concentrations of lead, mercury and arsenic were measured in the samples. The potential amount of daily metal ingestion, estimated by using manufacturers' dosage recommendations, was compared to U.S. Pharmacopeia and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulatory standards. The researchers found that 14 (2...New study shows early ritalin may cause long-term effects on the brain
...ence pleasure and reward, particularly when it was measured by sensitivity to cocaine. In addition, they found that the animals exposed to Ritalin during pre-adolescence were more prone to express despair-like behaviors in stressful situations (such as swim tests) as adults. Overall, the animals showed more...Can the standard course of radiation therapy following lumpectomy be shortened?
...5. The toxicity to the skin was measured using a terminology called grades. Zero is the lowest level of side effects. Grade 1 is mild redness or dryness of the skin, and grade 2 is more moderate or severe redness from radiation or moist peeling of the skin folds of the breast. Grade 3 ...