Duke Study Uses Tiny Temperature Changes To Probe Water-Exclusion At Protein Binding Sites
...s betweentwo forms of water to probe how proteins' shapes control the way they bindwith other molecules. Such binding reactions, which occur constantly in watery solutions withinour bodies, require removing much of the water in and around the protein'sbinding site to make room for the binding partner,...Views Of Tamoxifen And Synthetic Estrogen In Action Provide Clues For Designing Better Drugs
...fthe study. "Now we have precise three-dimensional shapes of the complex thatforms between several of these molecules and the estrogen receptor." "These structural studies clarify how estrogens turn on genes and show precisely how tamoxifen blocks this process," said first-author Andrew Shiau, agraduate stu...Neurobiologists Show How The Brain Processes Signals From Pheromones
...he animal," says Mombaerts. "In effect, experience shapes theconnections." Mombaerts suggests that further studies of the accessory olfactory system mayshow that, for instance, virgin females will have wiring patterns similar to oneanother but different from those of sexually experienced females. Mombaerts ...Nerve Cells Live Long And Talkative Lives In Sculpted Colonies On Silicon Chips
...istprocesses to "sculpt" the colonies into desired shapes by placement of thesubstrate coating to which the cells can adhere. Using this technique, thecolonies can be made on certain electronic contacts, encouraging someconnections while preventing others. "We call these 'designer circuits,' said Brinton. "...Researchers take steps to growing replacement blood vessels
...dy exist to create complex 3D shapes in the metal, he said, and his previous research ...in specific three-dimensional shapes on or inside silicon, then we hope to come back to the tissue," he said.......e who claimed to hear colors, feel sounds or taste shapes risked being dismissed as having overactive imaginations.Last year, however, several scientific studies of this rare condition produced compelling evidence that it is a genuine perceptual phenomenon. Now, a Vanderbilt study of the most common form of...Study finds direct link between computer use and vision problems in children
...ts of childrens ability to distinguish details and shapes of objects and their binocular vision, the ability to blend the separate images seen by each eye into a single image and perceive depth. Children also received refraction assessments to determine the best eyeglasses to correct vision errors. Some un...Different parts of the brain handle fantasy and reality
...he researchers began with six unfamiliar geometric shapes that look something like the pieces from an unfolded Rubics cube. They used three of these objects two of which were mirror images for the mental rotation tasks and three which were slightly different but similar in appearance for the object recogn...Childhood sexual abuse proves top predictor for HIV infection in women
... measurably influences risky adult behavior which shapes AIDS epidemics. Sexual abuse will alter the course of anyones life, Wyatt said. The aftereffects dont go away by themselves. Most of these women didnt get help after they were abused....MMP enzymes play key role in stability and breakdown of atherosclerotic plaques
...scaffolding, called the extracellular matrix, that shapes and stabilizes arteries. "Understanding the complex roles of MMPs in the arterial wall is essential for developing effective and safe therapies and for the tissue engineering approaches to treat or replace diseased blood vessels," Dr. Galis says. Re...Yale study reinforces theory that babies count
...tain objects are counting, not just looking at new shapes and textures, according to a study by Yale University researchers. Karen Wynn and Paul Bloom, professors of psychology, said their study was intended to address the debate about whether infants are counting when they look at objects, or whether they ...'Cheerleader' brain signal may act as a task master, Science study suggests
...releasing a bar in response seeing certain colored shapes on a computer screen. A colored bar across the top of the screen brightened each time the monkey moved to the next task, indicating that it was nearing the reward. The monkeys made progressively fewer errors as they approached the juice finale. When ...Nitric oxide crucial to respiration
...r affinity for the three gases. Hemoglobin changes shapes in response to local oxygen concentrations, with nitric oxide playing the key role in either relaxing the capillaries to allow a more ready exchange of gas, or constricting the capillaries, found the scientists. "Instead of the total oxygen ......n another. So it's something of a miracle that the shapes and colors of each fruit are combined seamlessly i...t a time, he had no problem properly pairing their shapes and colors. When presented with two or more objects at the same time, however, he often mismatched t...Chemists show proteins behave differently inside cells than they do in water solutions
...owded with molecules would tend to favor molecular shapes that had the smallest surface areas," Pielak said. "In some ways, the explanation of our observation has been around for two centuries since the time of Le Chatelier," he said. "In the past, however, it has been so difficult to do these experiments ...A quick-change artist: Tiny protein folds faster than any other
...roteins acquire their three-dimensional, blob-like shapes when the amino acids they are composed of spontaneously fold into place. The process has become a hot topic in science in recent years because the shape of proteins is directly tied to their function in the cells of animals and people. Misshapen prot...Researchers discover 'doorways' into brain cells
... clathrin that is part of the structural mold that shapes the infinitesimal bubbles in the membrane that carry receptors and other protein cargoes into the cell. Specifically, clathrin forms a coat on the membrane surface, pinching off the cargo-carrying bubble, or vesicle. Infusing the tagged clathrin mol...Bonds strengthened on mechanically linked molecules
...t has improved upon the bonds that control various shapes and has created a less bulky host structure that might provide a means for drug delivery within the body -- a molecular capsule. As with other such supramolecular structures being designed by a host of scientists, the non-covalent bonds that form the...Is a picture worth a thousand words? Not for young children
...f visuals -- simple geometric shapes such as triangles and squares -- rather than more complicated landscapes. Still, the children paid more attention and preferred the sounds over the images. Sloutsky said other studies ha...Damage to the frontal lobes can affect a person's ability to 'stay on the job'
...e told to watch for. There were four primary image shapes -- circle, square, triangle and cross. They were alerted to a particular target to watch for that had specific characteristics of shape, color and internal texture -- for example a red circle with horizontal lines. Subjects were instructed to respond...