Can healthcare systems afford Herceptin for early breast cancer?
...of these would have the type of breast cancer that responds to Herceptin. This means that about 750 women each year would be eligible. The cost of providing the treatment in Belgium would be 25.5 million Euro or around 34,000 Euro per patient for Herceptin drug costs alone. Extending its use to stage I breast...Mathematics used to discern immune response to infectious diseases
...cal models for investigating how the immune system responds to the pathogens that cause flu, tuberculosis (TB)...hematical system that mimics how our immune system responds to specific pathogens is its use for conducting meaningful studies with minimal use of the infectiou...What can change in the brain? Electrical synapses, research shows
...receptors or mGluRs, a type of neural trigger that responds to the amino acid glutamate, a trans-mitter molecule in the brain. The result: a long-lasting, 20 to 30 percent reduction in electrical synapse strength. While previous studies have shown a related effect in the electrical synapses of goldfish, Landi...Study by Einstein researchers could lead to a novel strategy for treating obesity
...s brain region also monitors fatty acid levels and responds by controlling appetite. The study focused on malonyl CoA, a molecule suspected of being one of the critical nutrients influencing hypothalamic regulation of eating behavior. Previous studies had shown that hypothalamic levels of malonyl CoA increase...New key brain target of fat hormone
...chers have identified a new area of the brain that responds to the fat hormone leptin in regulating body weight and energy expenditure. They said that the region seems to be particularly important in enabling the body to resist weight gain from a high-fat diet. Their discovery, they said, indicates that lepti...Chance, music, and the ear of the beholder
... studying the way that the brain's auditory cortex responds to certain types of changes in sound, researchers have found evidence for how the brain is attuned to be especially sensitive to degrees of change in sound that the brain is most likely to encounter in the natural world. The work is reported by a tea...Dartmouth study finds how the brain interprets the intent of others
... brain. "So, as we learn more about how the brain responds to seeing other people do things, we can start to understand the neural basis of human social interactions. This may help us understand what goes wrong in impaired social interactions, like in children with autism, who sometimes fail to interpret act...Great (taste) expectations: Study shows brain anticipates taste, shifts gears
... college students, reveals in detail how the brain responds to a manipulation intended to mitigate an unpleasant experience. "There is a potent impact to expectancy," says Nitschke, who, with his colleagues, exposed 43 undergraduate subjects to potions of quinine, sugar water or distilled water while undergoi...Isolated female rats subjected to a 30-minute stressor heal faster than males
... challenge their immune systems. The immune system responds by walling off the carrageenin with scar tissue, then neutralizing and reabsorbing it, Hermes explained. The rats in the stressed groups, both isolated and non-isolated, however, weren't injected with the carrageenin at the 100-day mark. Instead, eac...Study may explain why exercise helps heart failure patients
...er a heart attack or other cardiac event, the body responds by increasing the production of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). This neurohormonal activation, as it is called, helps the heart continue to pump blood in the short run by constricting blood vessel and retaining sodium in cardiac cells. "This neur...International study investigates early biology of HIV infection
... HIV and early immune response, how the human body responds to the virus and how the virus behaves, we will have great difficulty in developing an effective vaccine," Cohen said. CHAVI investigators at institutions across the globe including the University of Oxford, Harvard University, the University of Ala...H5N1 threat puts human flu back in spotlight
...mportant models for studying how the immune system responds to viral infections. Further study of this virus a...emic, immunologists learned that the immune system responds to influenza A viruses in two basic ways. The first is to stimulate the B lymphocytes that develop i...UT Southwestern researchers identify roles of gene mutations causing lupus in mice
... system, which recognizes an initial infection and responds to very generic forms of single-stranded viral RNA. In contrast, Dr. Mohan's group explained a key mechanism in the development of lupus occurring in the adaptive immune system, which consists of cells that constantly adapt themselves to better reco...Studies of married couples, soccer and hockey teams focus on brain's response to stress
... can have long-term consequences for how the brain responds to or anticipates future encounters. Held in a different part of the world every four years under the auspices of the International Neuroendocrine Federation, this year's congress Bridging Neuroscience and Endocrinology is being sponsored by the ...Growth hormone stimulators improve physical function in older adults
...rmone and a compound called IGF-1, a hormone which responds to growth hormone and mediates some of its effects. Participants receiving the GHS treatment saw a significant increase in lean body mass about 1.5 kilograms, or 3.3 pounds. The GHS treatment led to improved physical function over the six- to 12-mon...New fruit fly protein illuminates circadian response to light
...have a better understanding of how the human clock responds to light and may be able to design drugs to treat jetlag," concludes Sehgal....Aggressive heart pacing may work best in some spinal cord patients
...stem called the fight or flight system because it responds to stress by enabling an increase in heart rate can be injured or lost while the impact of the parasympathetic system continues, he says. The result can be a dangerously slow heart rate, called bradycardia, which causes blood pressure to fall, org...Scripps research scientists test anti-obesity vaccine
...problems of human dieting. When you diet, the body responds as if it was starving and produces ghrelin to slow down fat metabolism and stimulate eating, changes meant to help retain and regain body fat. As a result, many people end up regaining the weight they lost and more once they go off their diets. This ...Researchers identify gene as protector of DNA, enemy of tumors
...mage caused by ionizing radiation. The ATR pathway responds to DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. By using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the BRIT1 gene, the scientists shut down both checkpoint pathways in cells exposed to either type of radiation. Researchers then used siRNA to silenc......eed warming, we need to understand how water vapor responds to that. Water vapor is a stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide and could have a major impact on future climate." Water vapor measurements from NASA's Aura satellite and its companion Aqua, launched in 2002, are being compared with readings a...